In the documentary film, " The Man Who Stopped the Desert ," a farmer named Yacouba Sawadogo struggles to maintain his livelihood in the increasingly harsh land of northern Burkina Faso. Part of Africa's semi-arid Sahel region, (southern part of the Sahara desert) Burkina Faso has suffered from desertification as over-farming, overgrazing, and overpopulation resulted in heavy soil erosion and drying. Desertification has affected many countries in the Sahel, including Senegal, Mali, Niger, and Chad.
Yacouba Sawadogo has worked for more than 30 years to reverse desertification in the Sahel. (Photo credit: 1080 Film)
In 1980, Yacouba decided to fight the desert's spread by reviving an ancient farming technique calledzai, which led to forest growth and increased soil quality. Zai is a very simple and low-cost method, involving using a shovel or axe to break up the ground and dig small holes, which are then filled with compost and planted with seeds of trees, millet, or sorghum. The holes or pits catch water during the rainy season and, when filled with compost, retain moisture and nutrients through the dry season. *
Yacouba's story attracted international attention when Mark Dodd of 1080 Filmscreated the documentary in 2010, and the African farmer has since told his story around the world, including at an October 2012 United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD) meeting in South Korea. 1080 Films recently released a short follow-up film about Yacouba's life since the original film, called "What Yacouba Did Next…," describing what Yacouba has done since the film's release and giving an idea of the respect he has received from the international community.
In the follow-up film, UNCCD Executive Secretary Luc Gnacadja discusses the powerful impact of Yacouba's simple methods. According to Gnacadja, "Almost out of nothing he has generated the change we need…. If we could disseminate and scale up his example, then certainly we can do a lot in advancing the fight against desertification."
One direct benefit of the documentary has been the donations Yacouba has received in support of his reforestation efforts. As a result, he has been able to fund a new training program, where he travels to other villages teaching the zai technique. Yacouba hopes to spread this knowledge across the region, and has already visited 13 villages. He also hosts workshops at his own farm, teaching visitors and "bringing people together in a spirit of friendship." "I want the training program to be the starting point for many fruitful exchanges across the region," says Yacouba.
Yacouba's reforestation work not only helps farmers restore the local biodiversity by improving the soil, but it helps them prepare for an uncertain future. Chris Reijof the World Resources Institute and an author of the Worldwatch Institute's State of the World 2011: Innovations that Nourish the Planet believes in Yacouba's work and frequently visits the farm. Reij understands the long-term importance of Yacouba's work, stating, "what Yacouba has done can also be done by many other farmers across the Sahel. The big challenge is, that in the next 5 to 10 years, we will have to try to motivate millions of farmers to invest in trees because it will help them to improve their food security, and at the same time it will also help them adapt to climate change."
Since the film, however, life has not been easy for Yacouba. A recent urban expansion project annexed the forest he spent years growing, and homes are already being built on his land without any compensation except small parcels of land for Yacouba's family. He is currently attempting to raise US$20,000 to purchase the forest back.
Despite these setbacks, Yacouba knows the importance of his work and has doubled his cultivation efforts, expanding into the degraded lands next to the forest. Restoring soil and improving the future of the Sahel will not be easy, but Yacouba's work provides one model for communities across Africa to adopt in fighting desertification and preparing for future climate uncertainties.
By Devon Ericksen
* Note: Yacouba filled the holes with foliage and dung which attracted termites. The termites dug tunnels and reinforced them. When the rains came, the water settled in the tunnels below the ground and nourished the soil. And the plants grew and the birds came and an oasis filled with tall trees and wild life replaced the desert sands.
Phyllis Carter
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